Test Code ALUPP Lupus Anticoagulant Profile, Plasma
Ordering Guidance
Multiple coagulation profile tests are available. See Coagulation Profile Comparison for testing that is performed with each profile.
Shipping Instructions
Send the aliquots in the same shipping container.
Necessary Information
Note if patient is currently receiving anticoagulant (eg, heparin, Coumadin [warfarin]) treatment.
Specimen Required
Patient Preparation:
1. Patient should not be receiving anticoagulant treatment (eg, warfarin, heparin). Treatment with heparin causes false-positive results of in vitro coagulation testing for lupus anticoagulant. Coumadin (warfarin) treatment may impair ability to detect the more subtle varieties of lupus-like anticoagulants.
2. Patient should also not be receiving fibrinolytic agents (streptokinase, urokinase, tissue plasminogen activator: tPA).
3. If patient has been recently transfused, it is best to perform this study pretransfusion, if possible.
Specimen Type: Platelet-poor plasma
Collection Container/Tube: Light-blue top (citrate)
Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vials
Specimen Volume: 4 mL in 4 plastic vials each containing 1 mL
Collection Instructions:
1. Specimen must be collected prior to factor replacement therapy.
2. For complete instructions, see Coagulation Guidelines for Specimen Handling and Processing.
3. Centrifuge, transfer all plasma into a plastic vial, and centrifuge plasma again.
4. Aliquot plasma (1-2 mL per aliquot) into 4 separate plastic vials, leaving 0.25 mL in the bottom of centrifuged vial.
5. Freeze plasma immediately (no longer than 4 hours after collection) at -20° C or, ideally, -40° C or below.
Additional Information:
1. Double-centrifuged specimen is critical for accurate results as platelet contamination may cause spurious results.
2. Each coagulation assay requested should have its own vial.
Useful For
Confirming or excluding the presence of lupus anticoagulant (LA), distinguishing LA from specific coagulation factor inhibitors and nonspecific inhibitors
Investigating a prolonged activated thromboplastin time, especially when combined with other coagulation studies
This test is not useful for the detection of antiphospholipid antibodies that do not affect coagulation tests. We recommend separate testing for serum phospholipid (cardiolipin), IgG and IgM (CLPMG) and beta-2 glycoprotein 1, IgG and IgM (B2GMG).
Profile Information
Test ID | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
---|---|---|---|
ALUPI | Lupus Anticoagulant Tech Interp | No | Yes |
PTSC | Prothrombin Time (PT), P | Yes, (order PTTP) | Yes |
APTSC | Activated Partial Thrombopl Time, P | Yes, (order APTTP) | Yes |
DRV1 | Dilute Russells Viper Venom Time, P | Yes, (order DRVI1) | Yes |
Testing Algorithm
Initial testing includes prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and dilute Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT).
If the PT, aPTT, and dRVVT are normal, a computer-generated interpretive comment indicating no evidence of a lupus anticoagulant (LA) will be provided.
If PT is greater than 13.9 seconds, PT mix will be performed at an additional charge.
If aPTT is greater than or equal to 38 seconds, aPTT mix will be performed at an additional charge.
If PT, aPTT, or dRVVT are prolonged, thrombin time (TT) will be performed at an additional charge.
If aPTT mix is greater than or equal to 38 seconds and thrombin time is less than 35.0 seconds (no evidence of heparin), platelet neutralization procedure will be performed at an additional charge.
If dRVVT ratio is greater than or equal to 1.20, dRVVT mix and dRVVT confirmation will be performed at an additional charge.
If TT is greater than or equal to 25.0 seconds, reptilase will be performed at an additional charge.
If appropriate, coagulation factor assays, fibrinogen, D-dimer, hexagonal LA, and soluble fibrin monomer will be performed, at an additional charge, to clarify a significant abnormality in the screen test results.
If the factor VIII, IX or V result is below the normal range, the factor inhibitor screen may be performed along with the Bethesda titering assay, if indicated, at an additional charge.
If any test results are abnormal, all results will be reviewed by a coagulation consultant and a lupus anticoagulant interpretation will be provided.
For more information see Lupus Anticoagulant Profile Testing Algorithm.
Special Instructions
Method Name
PTSC, APTSC, DRV1: Optical Clot-Based
Reporting Name
Lupus Anticoagulant ProfSpecimen Type
Plasma Na CitSpecimen Minimum Volume
3 mL in 3 plastic vials each containing 1 mL
Specimen Stability Information
Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
---|---|---|---|
Plasma Na Cit | Frozen | 14 days |
Reject Due To
Gross hemolysis | Reject |
Gross lipemia | Reject |
Gross icterus | Reject |
Clinical Information
Lupus anticoagulant (LA) is an antibody to negatively charged phospholipid that interferes with phospholipid-dependent coagulation tests.
LA is found in, but not limited to, patients with systemic lupus erythematosus; LA is associated with other autoimmune disorders and collagen vascular disease and occurs in response to medications or certain infections (eg, respiratory tract infections in children) and in individuals with no obvious underlying disease.
LA has been associated with arterial and venous thrombosis and fetal loss. Individuals with thrombocytopenia or factor II deficiency associated with LA may be at risk for bleeding.
Reference Values
An interpretive report will be provided.
Interpretation
An interpretive report will be provided when testing is complete.
Cautions
No significant cautionary statements
Method Description
Prothrombin Time:
The prothrombin time (PT) assay is performed on the Instrumentation Laboratory ACL TOP. Patient plasma is incubated and combined with a PT reagent containing recombinant human tissue factor, synthetic phospholipids, calcium chloride, polybrene, and buffer. The tissue thromboplastin-factor VII/VIIa complex activates factor X. Activated factor X (factor Xa) forms a complex with factor Va, calcium, and phospholipid to activate factor II (prothrombin) to thrombin. Thrombin then acts on fibrinogen (factor I) to form fibrin which clots, the time to clot formation is measured optically using a wavelength of 671 nm providing the assay endpoint (the "prothrombin time").(Package insert: HemosIL RecombiPlasTin 2G. Instrumentation Laboratory Company; R0, 03/2019)
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time:
The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assay is performed on the Instrumentation Laboratory ACL TOP. Patient plasma is combined and incubated with an aPTT reagent containing phospholipid, a negatively charged contact factor activator, and buffer. After a specified incubation time, calcium is added to trigger the coagulation process in the mixture. Subsequently, the time to clot formation is measured optically using a wavelength of 671 nm. Mixing studies (see APMSC / Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) Mix 1:1, Plasma) using normal pooled plasma are performed in the Special Coagulation Laboratory on samples with a prolonged aPTT, to assist in discriminating between factor deficiency states and coagulation inhibitors, unless further testing is not indicated.(Package insert: HemosIL SynthASil. Instrumentation Laboratory Company; R11, 06/2017)
Dilute Russell's Viper Venom Time:
The dilute Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT) screening assay is performed on the Instrumentation Laboratory ACL TOP. Patient plasma is incubated for a specified time, and then combined with a dRVVT screening reagent containing Russell's viper venom, phospholipids, heparin neutralizing agents, calcium, buffers and stabilizers to trigger the coagulation process. Subsequently, the time to clot formation is measured optically using a wavelength of 671 nm. The patient dRVVT screening clotting time is normalized by dividing the patient result by the mean DRVVT screening clotting time of normal pooled plasma to yield a ratio (dRVVT screen ratio).(Package insert: LA CHECK DRVVT. Precision Biologic; R14, 03/2012)
Day(s) Performed
Monday through Friday
Report Available
3 to 5 daysPerforming Laboratory
Mayo Clinic Laboratories in RochesterTest Classification
See Individual Test IDsCPT Code Information
85610
85730
85613
85390
85130 (if appropriate)
85130 (if appropriate)
85210 (if appropriate)
85220 (if appropriate)
85230 (if appropriate)
85240 (if appropriate)
85245 (if appropriate)
85246 (if appropriate)
85247 (if appropriate)
85250 (if appropriate)
85260 (if appropriate)
85270 (if appropriate)
85280 (if appropriate)
85335 (if appropriate)
85335 (if appropriate)
85335 (if appropriate)
85366 (if appropriate)
85379 (if appropriate)
85384 (if appropriate)
85385 (if appropriate)
85390-26 (if appropriate)
85397 (if appropriate)
85597 (if appropriate)
85598 (if appropriate)
85611 (if appropriate)
85613 (if appropriate)
85613 (if appropriate)
85635 (if appropriate)
85670 (if appropriate)
85732 (if appropriate)
LOINC Code Information
Test ID | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
---|---|---|
ALUPP | Lupus Anticoagulant Prof | 75881-3 |
Result ID | Test Result Name | Result LOINC Value |
---|---|---|
RVR1 | DRVVT Screen Ratio | 15359-3 |
PTSEC | Prothrombin Time (PT), P | 5902-2 |
APTSC | Activated Partial Thrombopl Time, P | 14979-9 |
ALUPI | Lupus Anticoagulant Tech Interp | 75882-1 |
INRSC | INR | 6301-6 |
Reflex Tests
Test ID | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
---|---|---|---|
DIMER | D-Dimer, P | Yes, (order DDITT) | No |
F8IS | Coag Factor VIII Assay Inhib Scrn,P | No | No |
FACTV | Coag Factor V Assay, P | Yes | No |
F_7 | Coag Factor VII Assay, P | Yes | No |
TTSC | Thrombin Time (Bovine), P | Yes | No |
F_9 | Coag Factor IX Assay, P | Yes | No |
F_10 | Coag Factor X Assay, P | Yes | No |
F_11 | Coag Factor XI Assay, P | Yes | No |
F_12 | Coag Factor XII Assay, P | Yes | No |
F8A | Coag Factor VIII Activity Assay, P | Yes | No |
RTSC | Reptilase Time, P | Yes | No |
F_2 | Coag Factor II Assay, P | Yes | No |
CLFIB | Fibrinogen, Clauss, P | Yes, (order FIBTP) | No |
SOLFM | Soluble Fibrin Monomer | No | No |
PNP | Platelet Neutralization Procedure | No | No |
PTMSC | PT Mix 1:1 | No | No |
APMSC | APTT Mix 1:1 | No | No |
DRV2 | DRVVT Mix | No | No |
DRV3 | DRVVT Confirmation | No | No |
ALUPO | Lupus Anticoagulant Interp | No | No |
RIST | Ristocetin Cofactor, P | No | No |
F5_IS | Factor V Inhib Scrn | No | No |
VWFMP | von Willebrand Factor Multimer, P | Yes, ( order VWFMS ) | No |
PTFIB | PT-Fibrinogen, P | Yes | No |
VWAG | von Willebrand Factor Ag, P | Yes | No |
VWACT | von Willebrand Factor Activity, P | Yes | No |
CH9 | Chromogenic FIX, P | Yes | No |
5BETH | FV Bethesda Units, P | No | No |
F9_IS | Factor IX Inhib Scrn | No | No |
8BETH | FVIII Bethesda Units, P | No | No |
9BETH | FIX Bethesda Units, P | No | No |
CHF8 | Chromogenic FVIII, P | Yes | No |
HEXLA | HEX LA, P | No | No |