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Test Code DSM5X Drugs of Abuse Screen 5, Chain of Custody, Meconium

Useful For

Identifying amphetamines (and methamphetamines), opiates, phencyclidine, as well as metabolites of cocaine and marijuana in meconium specimens

 

Chain of custody is required whenever the results of testing could be used in a court of law. Its purpose is to protect the rights of the individual contributing the specimen by demonstrating that it was always under the control of personnel involved with testing the specimen; this control implies that the opportunity for specimen tampering would be limited. Since the evidence of illicit drug use during pregnancy can be cause for separating the baby from the mother, a complete chain of custody ensures that the test results are appropriate for legal proceedings.

Additional Tests

Test ID Reporting Name Available Separately Always Performed
COCH Chain of Custody Processing No Yes

Reflex Tests

Test ID Reporting Name Available Separately Always Performed
COKMX Cocaine and metabolite Conf, CoC, M Yes No
OPTMX Opiate Confirmation, CoC, M Yes No
PCPMX Phencyclidine Confirmation, CoC, M Yes No
THCMX Carboxy-THC Confirmation, CoC, M Yes No
AMPMX Amphetamines Confirmation, CoC, M Yes No

Testing Algorithm

Testing begins with immunoassay screen. Positive results are confirmed and quantitated by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry at an additional charge.

Reporting Name

Drugs of Abuse Screen 5, CoC, M

Specimen Type

Meconium


Specimen Required


Container/Tube: Chain of Custody Meconium Kit (T653) includes the specimen containers, seals, and documentation required

Specimen Volume: 1 g (approximately 1 teaspoon)

Collection Instructions: Collect entire random meconium specimen

Additional Information:

1. Specimen that arrives with a broken seal does not meet the chain-of-custody requirements.

2. The laboratory recommends sending chain-of-custody specimens by overnight shipment.


Specimen Minimum Volume

0.45 g (approximately 0.5 teaspoon)

Specimen Stability Information

Specimen Type Temperature Time Special Container
Meconium Frozen (preferred) 21 days
  Refrigerated  21 days
  Ambient  72 hours

Reject Due To

Grossly bloody Reject, Pink OK

Clinical Information

Illicit drug use during pregnancy is a major social and medical issue. Drug abuse during pregnancy is associated with significant perinatal complications, which include a high incidence of stillbirths, meconium-stained fluid, premature rupture of the membranes, maternal hemorrhage (abruption placenta or placenta praevia), and fetal distress.(1) In the neonate, the mortality rate, as well as morbidity (eg, asphyxia, prematurity, low birthweight, hyaline membrane disease, infections, aspirations pneumonia, cerebral infarction, abnormal heart rate and breathing patterns, drug withdrawal) are increased.(1)

 

The disposition of drug in meconium is not well understood. The proposed mechanism is that the fetus excretes drug into bile and amniotic fluid. Drug accumulates in meconium either by direct deposit from bile or through swallowing of amniotic fluid.(2) The first evidence of meconium in the fetal intestine appears at approximately the 10th to 12th week of gestation and slowly moves into the colon by the 16th week of gestation.(3) Therefore, the presence of drugs in meconium has been proposed to be indicative of in utero drug exposure during the final 4 to 5 months of pregnancy, a longer historical measure than is possible by urinalysis.(2)

 

Chain of custody is a record of the disposition of a specimen to document each individual who collected, handled, and performed the analysis. When a specimen is submitted in this manner, analysis will be performed in such a way that it will withstand regular court scrutiny.

Reference Values

Negative

 

Positive results are reported with a quantitative liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry result.

 

Cutoff concentrations by competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay:

Amphetamines: 100 ng/g

Methamphetamine: 100 ng/g

Benzoylecgonine (cocaine metabolite): 100 ng/g

Opiates: 100 ng/g

Tetrahydrocannabinol carboxylic acid (marijuana metabolite): 20 ng/g

Phencyclidine: 20 ng/g

Interpretation

The limit of quantitation varies for each of these drug groups.

-Amphetamines: >100 ng/g

-Methamphetamines: >100 ng/g

-Cocaine and metabolite: >100 ng/g

-Opiates: >100 ng/g

-Tetrahydrocannabinol carboxylic acid: >20 ng/g

-Phencyclidine (PCP): >20 ng/g

Cautions

If heroin use is suspected, specimen must be sent frozen to prevent loss of 6-monoacetylmorphine (6MAM, heroin metabolite). When refrigerated, a significant percentage of 6MAM will convert to morphine in fewer than 24 hours.

 

Unless sent frozen, the cocaine metabolite, m-hydroxybenzoylecgonine, will degrade within 72 hours of collection.

Method Description

The meconium sample received is screened by competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay by Randox Evidence+ to detect the presence of any of the drugs, or drugs that cross react with amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine metabolite, opiates, phencyclidine, and carboxy-tetrahydrocannabinol. Meconium specimens identified as positive by this screen are analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy for the specific drug or drug class indicated.(Unpublished Mayo method)

Day(s) Performed

Monday through Saturday

Report Available

1 to 2 days

Performing Laboratory

Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester

Test Classification

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

CPT Code Information

80307

80324 (if appropriate)

80359 (if appropriate)

80353 (if appropriate)

80361 (if appropriate)

80365 (if appropriate)

80349 (if appropriate)

83992 (if appropriate)

LOINC Code Information

Test ID Test Order Name Order LOINC Value
DSM5X Drugs of Abuse Screen 5, CoC, M 49046-6

 

Result ID Test Result Name Result LOINC Value
36178 Amphetamine 26895-3
36179 Methamphetamine 27289-8
36180 Cocaine 26956-3
36181 Opiate 29158-3
36182 Phencyclidine 26859-9
36183 Tetrahydrocannabinol 26893-8
36184 Chain of Custody 77202-0

Method Name

Competitive Chemiluminescent Immunoassay (CIA)