5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Random, Urine - Lima Memorial Health System Laboratory

Ordering Guidance

This test uses a random urine collection to assess 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations. If a 24-hour urine collection is preferred, order HIAA / 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, 24 Hour, Urine.

Necessary Information

Patient's age and sex are required.

Specimen Required

Patient Preparation:

1. Some medications could interfere with test results. The ordering provider should decide if any medications should be stopped and when they should be restarted. If clinically feasible, discontinue the following medications at least 48 hours prior to specimen collection:

-Acetaminophen (Tylenol or generic versions)

-Tryptophan containing supplements

2. For 48 hours prior to the urine collection, the patient should:

Limit the following to one serving per day:

-Fruits

-Vegetables

-Nuts

-Caffeinated beverages or foods

Supplies: Urine Tubes, 10 mL (T068)

Container/Tube: Plastic, 10-mL urine tube

Specimen Volume: 5 mL

Collection Instructions:

1. Collect a random urine specimen.

2. Store and send refrigerate

Useful For

Biochemical diagnosis and monitoring of intestinal carcinoid syndrome using random urine specimens

Method Name

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

Reporting Name

5-HIAA, Random, U

Specimen Type

Urine

Specimen Minimum Volume

2 mL

Specimen Stability Information

Specimen Type	Temperature	Time	Special Container
Urine	Refrigerated (preferred)	56 days
	Frozen	365 days

Reject Due To

All specimens will be evaluated at Mayo Clinic Laboratories for test suitability.

Clinical Information

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) is the major metabolite of serotonin and is excreted in the urine. Intestinal carcinoid tumors, along with neuroendocrine tumors, can produce excess amounts of 5-HIAA and serotonin, especially in individuals with carcinoid syndrome. Carcinoid syndrome is characterized by carcinoid tumors, flushing, heart disease, and hepatomegaly.

Measurement of 5-HIAA in a random urine specimen can diagnose carcinoid disease with a high specificity.

Reference Values

5-HIAA, mg/g creatinine 99th percentile cutoff
Age	Female	Male
≤23 months	≤17.53	≤16.42
24-35 months	≤17.07	≤15.96
3 years	≤16.70	≤15.60
4 years	≤16.03	≤14.93
5 years	≤15.26	≤14.17
6 years	≤14.40	≤13.34
7 years	≤13.47	≤12.43
8 years	≤12.52	≤11.52
9 years	≤11.58	≤10.63
10 years	≤10.67	≤9.79
11 years	≤9.81	≤9.00
12 years	≤9.02	≤8.29
13 years	≤8.32	≤7.65
14 years	≤7.70	≤7.08
15 years	≤7.16	≤6.59
16 years	≤6.72	≤6.15
17 years	≤6.36	≤5.78
18 years	≤6.08	≤5.45
19 years	≤5.88	≤5.17
20 years	≤5.73	≤4.93
21 years	≤5.64	≤4.73
22 years	≤5.59	≤4.55
23 years	≤5.57	≤4.40
24 years	≤5.57	≤4.28
25 years	≤5.58	≤4.19
26 years	≤5.61	≤4.11
27 years	≤5.64	≤4.06
28 years	≤5.67	≤4.03
29 years	≤5.70	≤4.02
30 years	≤5.72	≤4.01
31 years	≤5.75	≤4.02
32 years	≤5.77	≤4.03
33 years	≤5.78	≤4.05
34 years	≤5.79	≤4.06
35 years	≤5.80	≤4.08
36 years	≤5.80	≤4.09
37 years	≤5.80	≤4.11
38 years	≤5.80	≤4.12
39 years	≤5.81	≤4.14
40 years	≤5.82	≤4.17
41 years	≤5.85	≤4.22
42 years	≤5.89	≤4.27
43 years	≤5.95	≤4.35
44 years	≤6.04	≤4.43
45 years	≤6.14	≤4.53
46 years	≤6.26	≤4.63
47 years	≤6.40	≤4.75
48 years	≤6.55	≤4.86
49 years	≤6.71	≤4.99
50 years	≤6.86	≤5.11
51 years	≤7.01	≤5.24
52 years	≤7.15	≤5.37
53 years	≤7.29	≤5.51
54 years	≤7.41	≤5.64
55 years	≤7.52	≤5.78
56 years	≤7.62	≤5.91
57 years	≤7.71	≤6.05
58 years	≤7.80	≤6.17
59 years	≤7.88	≤6.29
60 years	≤7.95	≤6.41
61 years	≤8.02	≤6.51
62 years	≤8.09	≤6.60
63 years	≤8.15	≤6.69
64 years	≤8.21	≤6.76
65 years	≤8.28	≤6.82
66 years	≤8.34	≤6.88
67 years	≤8.40	≤6.93
68 years	≤8.46	≤6.97
69 years	≤8.52	≤7.00
70 years	≤8.58	≤7.03
71 years	≤8.65	≤7.06
72 years	≤8.71	≤7.08
73 years	≤8.77	≤7.10
74 years	≤8.82	≤7.11
75 years	≤8.86	≤7.11
76 years	≤8.90	≤7.11
77 years	≤8.92	≤7.10
78 years	≤8.93	≤7.09
79 years	≤8.93	≤7.07
80 years	≤8.92	≤7.05
81 years	≤8.90	≤7.02
82 years	≤8.88	≤7.00
83 years	≤8.86	≤6.98
84 years	≤8.85	≤6.97
85 years	≤8.84	≤6.95
86 years	≤8.84	≤6.94
87 years	≤8.84	≤6.94
88 years	≤8.84	≤6.94
>or= 89 years	≤8.85	≤6.93

Interpretation

If pharmacological and dietary artifacts have been ruled out, an elevated excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid is a probable indicator of the presence of a serotonin-producing tumor.

Cautions

Intake of food with a high content of serotonin (avocados, dates, eggplant, all fruit [including bananas, cantaloupe, grapefruit, kiwifruit, melons, pineapple, plantains, plums], all nuts [including hickory nuts, butternuts, pecans, walnuts], and tomatoes and tomato products) within 48 hours of the urine collection could result in falsely elevated 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) excretion.

Numerous drugs affect the excretion of 5-HIAA by different mechanisms, including increased serotonin synthesis, metabolism, and release and inhibition of uptake. The following medications can interfere with 5-HIAA results.

-Acetaminophen (Tylenol or generic versions)

-Tryptophan containing supplements

Patient should also avoid caffeinated beverages, such as tea and coffee, or caffeinated foods, such as dark chocolate, for 48 hours before and during specimen collection.

Method Description

5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) is measured by solid phase extraction of an aliquot from a random urine collection and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis. 5-HIAA is quantitated using a custom synthesized stable isotope labeled internal standard (d6-5-HIAA) from calibration over a concentration range 0.5 to 150 mg/L.(Kroll CA, Magera MJ, Helgeson JK, et al. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in urine. Clin Chem. 2002;48:2049-2051; Calanchini M, Tadman M, Krogh J, Fabbri A, Grossman A, Shine B. Measurement of urinary 5-HIAA: correlation between spot versus 24-h urine collection. Endocr Connect. 2019;8(8):1082-1088)

Day(s) Performed

Monday through Friday

Report Available

2 to 4 days

Performing Laboratory

Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester

Test Classification

This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

CPT Code Information

83497

LOINC Code Information

Test ID	Test Order Name	Order LOINC Value
HIAAR	5-HIAA, Random, U	11145-0

Result ID	Test Result Name	Result LOINC Value
616090	5-HIAA, Random, U	11145-0

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Test Code HIAAR 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Random, Urine