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HelpTest Code LMPP Lipoprotein Metabolism Profile, Serum
Reporting Name
Lipoprotein Metabolism ProfileUseful For
Diagnosing dyslipoproteinemia
Quantifying cholesterol and triglycerides in very-low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and chylomicrons
Identifying lipoprotein-X
Classifying hyperlipoproteinemias (lipoprotein phenotyping)
Evaluating patients with abnormal lipid values (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL) for specific phenotypes
Profile Information
| Test ID | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
|---|---|---|---|
| TCS | Cholesterol, Total, CDC, S | No | Yes |
| TRIGC | Triglycerides, CDC, S | No | Yes |
| APLBS | Apolipoprotein B, S | Yes, (order APOLB) | Yes |
| HDLS | HDL Cholesterol, CDC, S | No | Yes |
| LMPP1 | Lipoprotein Metabolism Profile 1 | No | Yes |
Method Name
TCS, TRIGD: Enzymatic Colorimetric
APLBS: Automated Turbidimetric Immunoassay
HDLS: Selective Precipitation, Enzymatic Colorimetric
LMPP1: Ultracentrifugation/Electrophoresis/Automated Enzymatic/Colorimetric Analysis
Performing Laboratory
Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester
Specimen Type
SerumNecessary Information
Patient's age and sex are required.
Specimen Required
Patient Preparation:
1. Fasting-overnight (12-14 hours)
2. Patient must not consume any alcohol for 24 hours before the specimen is collected.
Collection Container/Tube:
Preferred: Serum gel
Acceptable: Red top
Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial
Specimen Volume: 5 mL
Collection Instructions: Centrifuge and aliquot serum into a plastic vial.
Specimen Minimum Volume
2 mL
Specimen Stability Information
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serum | Refrigerated (preferred) | 7 days | |
| Frozen | 60 days |
Reject Due To
| Gross hemolysis | Reject |
| Gross lipemia | OK |
| Gross icterus | Reject |
Reference Values
|
2-9 years |
10-17 years |
≥18 years |
|
|
Total cholesterol |
* Acceptable: <170 mg/dL Borderline high: 170-199 mg/dL High: ≥200 mg/dL |
** Desirable: <200 mg/dL Borderline high: 200-239 mg/dL High: ≥ 240 mg/dL |
|
|
Triglycerides |
* Acceptable: <75 mg/dL Borderline high: 75-99 mg/dL High: ≥100 mg/dL |
* Acceptable: <90 mg/dL Borderline high: 90-129 mg/dL High: ≥130 mg/dL |
** Normal: <150 mg/dL Borderline high: 150-199 mg/dL High: 200-499 mg/dL Very high: ≥500 mg/dL |
|
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol |
* Acceptable: <110 mg/dL Borderline high: 110-129 mg/dL High: ≥130 mg/dL |
*** Desirable: <100 mg/dL Above Desirable: 100-129 mg/dL Borderline high: 130-159 mg/dL High: 160-189 mg/dL Very high: ≥190 mg/dL |
|
|
LDL triglycerides |
≤50 mg/dL |
≤50 mg/dL |
|
|
Apolipoprotein B |
* Acceptable: <90 mg/dL Borderline high: 90-109 mg/dL High: ≥110 mg/dL |
*** Desirable: <90 mg/dL Above Desirable: 90-99mg/dL Borderline high: 100-119 mg/dL High: 120-139 mg/dL Very high: ≥140 mg/dL |
|
|
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol |
* Low: <40 mg/dL Borderline low: 40-45 mg/dL Acceptable: >45 mg/dL |
*** Males: ≥40mg/dL Females: ≥50mg/dL |
|
|
Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol |
<30 mg/dL |
<30 mg/dL |
|
|
VLDL triglycerides |
<90 mg/dL |
<120 mg/dL |
|
|
Beta VLDL cholesterol |
<15 mg/dL |
<15 mg/dL |
|
|
Beta VLDL triglycerides |
<15 mg/dL |
<15 mg/dL |
|
|
Chylomicron cholesterol |
Undetectable |
Undetectable |
|
|
Chylomicron triglycerides |
Undetectable |
Undetectable |
|
|
Lp(a) cholesterol |
<5 mg/dL |
<5 mg/dL |
|
|
LpX |
Undetectable |
Undetectable |
|
Reference values have not been established for patients who are less than 2 years of age.
*Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents
**National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)
***National Lipid Association
Day(s) Performed
Monday through Thursday, Sunday
CPT Code Information
80061-Lipid panel (includes: HDL [CPT Code 83718], total cholesterol [CPT Code 82465], and triglycerides [CPT Code 84478] if all performed)
82172-Apolipoprotein B
83700-Lp(a) cholesterol electrophoresis
LOINC Code Information
| Test ID | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| LMPP | Lipoprotein Metabolism Profile | In Process |
| Result ID | Test Result Name | Result LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| TCS | Cholesterol, Total, CDC, S | 2093-3 |
| HDLS | HDL Cholesterol, CDC, S | 2085-9 |
| TRIGC | Triglycerides, CDC, S | 2571-8 |
| APLBS | Apolipoprotein B, S | 1884-6 |
| 2839 | LDL Cholesterol | 2089-1 |
| 2840 | LDL Triglycerides | 3046-0 |
| 2844 | VLDL cholesterol | 2091-7 |
| 2847 | VLDL triglycerides | 3047-8 |
| 2842 | Beta VLDL Cholesterol | 66499-5 |
| 2843 | Beta VLDL triglycerides | 3045-2 |
| 2855 | Chylomicron cholesterol | 34467-1 |
| 2856 | Chylomicron triglycerides | 35363-1 |
| 2849 | Lp(a) Cholesterol | 35388-8 |
| 23924 | LpX | 42178-4 |
| 23937 | Interpretation | 59462-2 |
Clinical Information
Lipoprotein metabolism profile analysis adds practical information about the etiology of cholesterol and/or triglyceride elevation. In some patients, increased serum lipids reflect elevated levels of intermediate-density lipoprotein, very-low-density lipoprotein, lipoprotein a (Lp[a]), or even the abnormal lipoprotein complex, LpX. These elevations can be indicative of a genetic deficiency in lipid metabolism or transport, nephrotic syndrome, endocrine dysfunction, or even cholestasis. Identification of the lipoprotein associated with lipid elevation is achieved using the gold-standard methods, which include ultracentrifugation, selective precipitation, electrophoresis, and direct measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in isolated lipoprotein fractions. Proper characterization of a patient's dyslipidemic phenotype aids clinical decisions and guides appropriate therapy.
Classifying the hyperlipoproteinemias into phenotypes places disorders that affect plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations into convenient groups for evaluation and treatment. A clear distinction must be made between primary (inherited) and secondary (liver disease, alcoholism, metabolic diseases) causes of dyslipoproteinemia. Lipoprotein profiling will identify the presence of Lp(a) and LpX and distinguish between the following dyslipidemias:
-Exogenous hyperlipemia (Type I)
-Familial hypercholesterolemia (Type IIa)
-Familial combined hyperlipidemia (Type IIb)
-Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia (Type III)
-Endogenous hyperlipemia (Type IV)
-Mixed hyperlipemia (Type V)
Interpretation
Patients with increased lipoprotein a (Lp[a]) cholesterol values have been associated with increased risk for the development of atherothrombotic disease. Aggressive low-density lipoprotein reduction is the recommended treatment approach in most patients with increased Lp(a).
Lipoprotein-X (LpX) is an abnormal lipoprotein that appears in the sera of patients with obstructive jaundice and is an indicator of cholestasis. The presence of LpX will be reported if noted during Lp(a) cholesterol analysis.
Cautions
Cholesterol results can be falsely decreased in patients with elevated levels of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), a metabolite of acetaminophen, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and metamizole.
Method Description
Electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins followed by lipid staining and densitometry measurement.(Package insert: SPIFE Vis Cholesterol Reagent. Helena Laboratories; 09/2015
Cholesterol:
Cholesterol esters are cleaved by the action of cholesterol esterase to yield free cholesterol and fatty acids. Cholesterol oxidase then catalyzes the oxidation of cholesterol to cholest-4-en-3-one and hydrogen peroxide. In the presence of peroxidase, the hydrogen peroxide formed effects the oxidative coupling of phenol and 4-aminophenazone to form a red quinone-imine dye. The color intensity of the dye formed is directly proportional to the cholesterol concentration. It is determined by measuring the increase in absorbance (Package insert: Cholesterol Gen2 Reagent. Roche Diagnostics; V 13.0, 02/2019)
Triglyceride:
Samples analyzed for triglycerides are measured by an automated enzymatic method. The chemistry includes hydrolysis of the triglycerides and phosphorylation of the resulting glycerol.(Package insert: Triglycerides Reagent, Roche Diagnostics; 11/2017)
Apolipoprotein B:
Anti-apolipoprotein B antibodies react with the antigen in the sample to form antigen:antibody complexes, which, following agglutination, can be measured turbidimetrically.(Package insert: Tina-quant Apolipoprotein B. Roche Diagnostics; 07/2020)
High-Density Lipoprotein:
Sample is combined with dextran sulfate and magnesium, ions precipitate the low-density lipoprotein and very-low-density lipoprotein fractions, leaving the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction in solution. The HDL cholesterol is then determined using an enzymatic cholesterol assay.(Package insert: HDL Cholesterol Precipitating Reagent Set (Dextran Sulfate). Pointe Scientific, INC; 12/2009)