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HelpTest Code VIP Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Plasma
Reporting Name
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide,PUseful For
Detecting vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-producing tumors in patients with chronic diarrheal diseases
Method Name
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
Performing Laboratory
Mayo Clinic Laboratories in Rochester
Specimen Type
Plasma EDTAOrdering Guidance
Specimen Required
Supplies: Sarstedt Aliquot Tube, 5 mL (T914)
Collection Container/Tube: Lavender top (EDTA)
Submission Container/Tube: Plastic vial
Specimen Volume: 1 mL
Collection Instructions: Centrifuge and aliquot plasma into a plastic vial. Freeze immediately.
Specimen Minimum Volume
0.55 mL
Specimen Stability Information
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plasma EDTA | Frozen | 90 days |
Reject Due To
| Gross hemolysis | Reject |
| Gross lipemia | Reject |
| Gross icterus | OK |
Reference Values
<86 pg/mL
Day(s) Performed
Monday, Thursday
CPT Code Information
84586
LOINC Code Information
| Test ID | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| VIP | Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide,P | 3125-2 |
| Result ID | Test Result Name | Result LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| 8150 | Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide,P | 3125-2 |
Clinical Information
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was originally isolated from porcine small intestine and was recognized by its potent vasodilator activity. This brain/gut hormone has widespread distribution and is present in neuronal cell bodies localized in the central nervous system, digestive, respiratory, and urogenital tracts, and exocrine, thyroid, and adrenal glands. VIP has a wide scope of biological actions. The main effects of VIP include relaxation of smooth muscle (bronchial and vascular dilation), stimulation of gastrointestinal water and electrolyte secretion, and release of pancreatic hormones.
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-producing tumors are rare; most (90%) are located in the pancreas. Watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria are key symptoms.
Interpretation
An elevated vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) may indicate the presence of an enteropancreatic tumor causing hypersecretion of VIP.
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-producing tumors are unlikely with a 24-hour stool volume below 700 mL.
Cautions
Test results cannot be interpreted as absolute evidence for the presence or absence of malignant disease. Use vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) results in conjunction with information from the clinical evaluation of the patient and other diagnostic procedures. This test should not be used for cancer screening or cancer diagnosis.
Assay sensitivity may be lower than the previous VIP radioimmunoassay. The absence of elevated VIP does not rule out the presence of malignancy.
In rare cases, some individuals can develop antibodies to mouse or other animal antibodies (often referred to as human anti-mouse antibodies [HAMA] or heterophile antibodies), which may cause interference in some immunoassays. Caution should be used in interpretation of results and the laboratory should be alerted if the result does not correlate with the clinical presentation.
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide concentration determinations are method dependent. Values obtained with different assay methods or kits may differ and cannot be used interchangeably.
Method Description
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is a two-step competitive immunoassay. VIP in the patient sample competes with a biotin-labelled antigen for a limited number of anti-VIP antibody binding sites on the microplate wells during the first incubation. After a wash step to remove unbound and excess material the samples are incubated with a streptavidin anti horseradish peroxidase conjugate to form a biotin conjugate complex. After washing, an enzyme substrate is added and incubated. Following the incubation, the reaction is stopped by addition of a stopping solution. Antibody-analyte complex is detected by absorbance measurement at 450 nm wavelength. The absorbance measured is inversely proportional to the concentration of VIP in the samples and calibrators.(Unpublished Mayo method)